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Uç Bey of the Sultanate of Rum Rule c. 1280 – c. 1299 Archetype Ertuğrul Replacement Office disestablished first Sultan of the Ottoman Empire Rule c. 1299 – 1323/4 Archetype Office set up Replacement Orhan Conceived Unknown,[1] potentially c. 1254/5[2] Sultanate of Rum Kicked the bucket 1323/4[3] (age 68–70) Bursa, Ottoman Beylik Entombment Burial chamber of Osman Gazi, Osmangazi, Bursa Province Companion Malhun Hatun Rabia Bala Hatun Issue See beneath Names Osman container Ertuğrul canister Gündüz Alp[4] عثمان بن ارطغرل بن گندز الپ Or then again Osman container Ertuğrul canister Suleyman Shah عثمان بن ارطغرل بن سلیمان شاہ ota عثمان غازى tr Osman Gazi Line Footstool tradition Father Ertuğrul Mother Unknown[5] Religion Islam

Osman I or Osman Ghazi (Ottoman Turkish: عثمان غازى‎, romanized: ʿOsmān Ġāzī; Turkish: I. Osman or Osman Gazi; kicked the bucket 1323/4),[1][3] at times transcribed antiquatedly as Othman, was the head of the Kayi clan and the originator of the Ottoman tradition. The line bearing his name later settled and managed the Ottoman Empire (first known as the Ottoman Beylik or Emirate). This state, while at first a little Turkmen[6] territory during Osman's lifetime, changed into a world domain in the hundreds of years after his death.[7] It existed until not long after the finish of World War I.

Uç Bey of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum Archetype Office set up Replacement Osman I Conceived Obscure Kicked the bucket c. 1280 Söğüt, Sultanate of Rum Entombment Burial chamber of Ertuğrul Gazi, Söğüt, Bilecik Province Life partner Halime Hatun (questioned) Issue Osman I Saru Batu Savcı Bey[1][2][3] Gündüz Alp[1][2][4] Names Ertuğrul receptacle Suleyman Shah (ارطغرل بن سلیمان شاہ) Ertuğrul receptacle Gündüz Alp (ارطغرل بن گندوزآلپ) Father Suleyman Shah or Gündüz Alp[5][6] Mother Hayme Ana[5]

Ertuğrul or Ertuğrul Gazi (Ottoman Turkish: ارطغرل‎, romanized: Erṭoġrıl; Turkmen: Ärtogrul Gazy; passed on c. 1280/1281)[7] was a thirteenth century bey, who was the dad of Osman I.[8] Little is thought about Ertuğrul's life. As per Ottoman custom, he was the child of Suleyman Shah, the head of the Kayı clan (a case which has gone under analysis from numerous historians)[nb 1] of the Oghuz Turks, who escaped from western Central Asia to Anatolia to get away from the Mongol triumphs, yet he may rather have been the child of Gündüz Alp.[5][10] According to this legend, after the demise of his dad, Ertuğrul and his devotees entered the help of the Sultanate of Rum, for which he was compensated with domain over the town of Söğüt on the outskirts with the Byzantine Empire.[7] This set off the chain of occasions that would at last prompt the establishing of the Ottoman Empire.

Saladin, who currently lived in Damascus, was accounted for to have a specific affection for the city, yet data on his youth is scarce.[14] About schooling, Saladin expressed "kids are raised in the manner by which their elderly folks were raised". As indicated by his biographers, Anne-Marie Eddé[15] and al-Wahrani, Saladin had the option to respond to inquiries on Euclid, the Almagest, number-crunching, and law, yet this was a scholastic ideal. It was his insight into the Qur'an and the "studies of religion" that connected him to his contemporaries,[16] a few sources guarantee that during his examinations he was more inspired by strict investigations than joining the military.[17] Another factor which might have influenced his premium in religion was that, during the First Crusade, Jerusalem was taken by the Christians.[17] notwithstanding Islam, Saladin had an information on the lineages, memoirs, and accounts of the Arabs, just as the bloodlines of Arabian po

Saladin was brought into the world in Tikrit in present-day Iraq. His own name was "Yusuf"; "Salah advertisement Din" is a laqab, an honorific sobriquet, signifying "Nobility of the Faith".[4] His family was doubtlessly of Kurdish ancestry,[5][6][7][8] and had begun from the town of Ajdanakan[6] close to the city of Dvin in focal Armenia.[9][10] The Rawadiya clan he hailed from had been to some extent absorbed into the Arabic-talking world by this time.[11] In Saladin's period, no researcher had more impact than sheik Abdul Qadir Gilani, and Saladin was unequivocally affected and helped by him and his pupils.[12][13] In 1132, the crushed multitude of Zengi, atabeg of Mosul, discovered their retreat obstructed by the Tigris River inverse the post of Tikrit, where Saladin's dad, Najm promotion Din Ayyub filled in as the superintendent. Ayyub gave ships to the military and gave them shelter in Tikrit. Mujahid al-Din Bihruz, a previous Greek slave who

King of Egypt and Syria Rule 1174 – 4 March 1193 Crowning ceremony 1174, Cairo Archetype Al-Adid (as Fatimid caliph) Replacement Al-Aziz Uthman (Egypt) Al-Afdal (Syria) Conceived 1137 Tikrit, Upper Mesopotamia, Abbasid Caliphate Passed on 4 March 1193 (matured 55–56) Damascus, Syria, Ayyubid Sultanate Internment Umayyad Mosque, Damascus Mate Ismat advertisement Din Khatun Issue Al-Afdal ibn Salah advertisement Din Al-Aziz Uthman Az-Zahir Ghazi Names Al-Nasir Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb Tradition Ayyubid (organizer) Father Najm al-Dīn Ayyūb Religion Sunni Islam (Shafi'i)[1][2][3]

Al-Nasir Salah al-Din Yusuf ibn Ayyub (Arabic: الناصر صلاح الدين يوسف بن أيوب‎, romanized: an-Nāṣir Ṣalāḥ promotion Dīn Yūsuf ibn Ayyūb; Kurdish: سەلاحەدینی ئەییووبی‎, romanized: Selahedînê Eyûbî; 1137 – 4 March 1193), better referred to just as Salah advertisement Din or Saladin (/ˈsælədɪn/), was a Sunni Muslim Kurd and the primary king of Egypt and Syria and author of the Ayyubid line. Saladin drove the Muslim military mission against the Crusader states in the Levant. At the tallness of his force, his sultanate crossed Egypt, Syria, the Jazira (Upper Mesopotamia), the Hejaz (western Arabia), Yemen, portions of western North Africa, and Nubia.

second President of Pakistan In office 27 October 1958 – 25 March 1969 Gone before by Iskander Mirza Prevailed by Yahya Khan fourth Minister of Defense In office 28 October 1958 – 21 October 1966 Agent Government Secretary Defense See list Muhammad Khurshid (1958-59) S. Fida Hussain (1959-61) Nazir Ahmed (1961-65) Gone before by Ayub Khuhro Prevailed by V-Adm. Afzal Rahman Khan In office 24 October 1954 – 11 August 1955 Head administrator Mohammad Ali Bogra Delegate Akhter Husain (Protection Secretary) Gone before by Mohammad Ali Bogra Prevailed by Mohammad Ali Priest of Interior In office 23 March 1965 – 17 August 1965 Agent Inside Secretary Gone before by K. H. Khan Prevailed by Ali Akbar Khan third Commander-in-Chief of the Pakistan Army In office 23 January 1951[1] – 26 October 1958 Agent Head of General Staff See list Maj-Gen. Yusuf Khan (1951-53) Maj-Gen. M. H. Noise (1953-55) Maj-Gen.

Muhammad Ayub Khan (Urdu: محمد ایوب خان‎; 14 May 1907 – 19 April 1974), was the second President of Pakistan. He was a military general who held onto the administration from the primary president Iskander Mirza in an overthrow in 1958, the main effective rebellion in the country. Famous showings and work strikes upheld by the fights in East Pakistan at last prompted his constrained abdication in 1969.